تبادل نظرات اعضاء

۱۳۸۸ آذر ۲۹, یکشنبه

يادي از جزيره فيلم آلمان

ايران، راهبر کنوانسيون ميراث جهاني در منطقه هيرکان



با تلاش گروه کارشناسي، ايران به عنوان کشور راهبر در اجراي کنوانسيون ميراث جهاني در منطقه هيرکان برگزيده شد
اجلاس کارشناسي" اجراي کنوانسيون ميراث جهاني" از تاريخ 27 فوريه لغايت 3 مارس ، 2008 در جزيره فيلم آلمان با حضور کارشناسان ايران، آذربايجان، آژانس فدرال حفظ طبيعت و نهاد هاي غيردولتي ، استادان ذيفن دو دانشگاه آلمان، کارشناسان اتحاديه جهاني حفاظت از طبيعت، مسئول يونسکو دفتر تهران و مسئول دفتر مرکزي ميراث جهاني يونسکو دفتر پاريس و ... تشکيل شد




بر اساس بند 2 از فصل عمومي، ايران (برمبناء تصميم13.128 کشور هاي عضو) کووتا (بخوان مسئوليت، در ضمن ياد آور مي گردد بخاطر پيشقدمي آذربايجان قبل از اين اجلاس کشور مزبور کووتا محسوب مي شد)ثبت جنگل هاي هيرکان را به عهده گرفت.همين طور بر اساس بند 3 از فصل مذکور عنوان محلي پيشنهاد ثبت قبلي از طريق آذربايجان حذف و با توجيه فني هئيت کارشناسي ايراني نام علمي منطقه (هيرکان) عنوان رسمي ثبت پرونده محسوب گرديد
مقرر بود تا 30 سپتامبر 2008 (قابل تمديد حداکثر تا 30 سپتامبر 2009) ايران براي نمونه هاي بارز معرف پروانس فرعي هيرکاني و نمونه هاي معرف زون هاي ترکيبي هيرکان با ديگر مناطق ژئوبتانيکي سرزمين بصورت مجموعه زنجيره اي تشکيل پرونده بدهد. مقرر بوده جنگل هاي واقع در کشور همسايه جمهوري آذربايجان از طريق ايران به عنوان يکي از حلقه هاي زنجيره مزبور ثبت شود
اما چه شد؟ اين برنامه را به کجراهي کشيدند که مپرس

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۱۳۸۸ آذر ۲۵, چهارشنبه

Copenhagen Treaty معاهده کپنهاک

پيش نويس مقدماتي معاهده تغييرات اقليمي کپنهاک
که گويا از دستور خارج شد. اوباما اين معجزه هزاره سوم در دقيقه 90 همه چيز را در سه ورقه پاره بدون هيچگونه الزامات اجرائي نهائي کرد
This is the draft of the Copenhagen Climate Change Treaty currently out of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change working group dated
September 15th
Page 62:
33. Each Party’s national schedule shall include:
(a) A long-term national greenhouse gas emissions limitation or reduction pathway;
(b) A country-driven nationally appropriate mitigation strategy, differentiated in terms of the ambition, timing and scope of its mitigation commitments or actions, which could be, inter alia, project-based, sectoral or economy-wide.
(c) Each Party’s nationally appropriate mitigation strategy shall include:
(i) Except for the least developed countries and small island developing States,
quantified emissions limitation or reduction commitments for 2020, consistent
with its long-term national greenhouse gas emissions limitations or reduction
pathway, subject to regular review; and
(ii) Measurable, reportable and verifiable mitigation policies and measures to meet its quantified emissions limitation or reduction commitments for 2020, as appropriate, and to support its national greenhouse gas emissions limitations or reduction pathway, subject to regular review.
34. All countries prepare low emission development strategies. Note that further paragraphs would be required to describe in more detail their function and relationship to the national schedules described above and a potential facilitative/matching platform.
35. All Parties shall develop and regularly update and submit information relating to the implementation of their nationally appropriate mitigation strategies. Such information shall be reviewed and verified according to agreed rules and guidelines.
36. All Parties, except for the least developed countries and small island developing States, shall develop and regularly update and submit a national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
37. National inventories shall be:
(a) Undertaken in accordance with the latest agreed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; and
(b) Submitted, reviewed and verified according to agreed frequencies, rules and guidelines.
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Page 122, Item 17 is quite troubling.
15. [Developed country Parties [shall][should] provide support to developing country Parties, particularly those specified in Articles 4.8 and 4.9 of the Convention, in order to allow developing country Parties to address issues related to social and environmental development, economic diversification, risk assessment, modelling and insurance to prevent the adverse effects of the spillover effects.] Alternative to paragraph 15:
[In the implementation of paragraphs 11 (c)11 and 11 (d)12 above (159.1 and 159.2 in FCCC/AWGLCA/2009/INF.1) , through the provision of financial resources, including for access, development and transfer of technology, at agreed full incremental costs in accordance with Article 4.3 of the Convention;
Recognizing that there are ways and means to reduce or avoid such impacts through careful and informed selection of policies and measures, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing tools, and to consider new ones, in order to assist developing country Parties in addressing these impacts.]
16. [Adverse economic and social consequences of response measures [shall][should] be addressed by proper economic, social and environmental actions, including promoting and supporting economic diversification and the development and dissemination of win-win technologies in the affected countries, paying particular attention to the needs and concerns of the poorest and most vulnerable developing country Parties.]
Alternative to paragraph 16:
[Adverse economic and social consequences of response measures shall be addressed by various means, including but not limited to promoting, supporting and enabling economic diversification, funding, insurance and the development, transfer and dissemination of win-win technologies in the affected countries, such as cleaner fossil fuel technologies, gas flaring reduction, and carbon capture and storage technologies.]
17. [[Developed [and developing] countries] [Developed and developing country Parties] [All Parties] [shall] [should]:]
(a) Compensate for damage to the LDCs’ economy and also compensate for lost opportunities, resources, lives, land and dignity, as many will become environmental refugees;
(b) Africa, in the context of environmental justice, should be equitably compensated for environmental, social and economic losses arising from the implementation of response measures.
با يک نگاه سطحي در مقايسه با پروتکل کيوتو قابل درک است که معاهده کپنهاک نه تنها گامي به پيش محسوب نمي شود بلکه چند گام
به عقب مي باشد.

در پروتکل کيوتو با تمامي کمي ها و کاستي ها نوعي عدالت محوري حاکم بود کشور هاي صنعتي با توجه به نقش در آلوده سازي محيط زيست ومصرف و تخريب طبيعت تعهد جبران داشتند

درپيش نويس اوليه معاهده کپنهاک تعهد مخدوش مي شود مي توان چنين استنباط کرد که تعهد از دوش مقصران واقعي برداشته مي شود

اين معاهده در صورتي که اگر ميزان توسعه يافتگي صنعتي و مصرف در همه کشورها يکسان بود مي توانست مطرح باشد
حتي نه تنها اين معاهده به تصويب نرسيد بلکه پروتکل نيم بند کيو تو هم خدشه دارتر گرديد